Driver:INTELLEC 4 - Revision history

Cuavas at 18:38, 1 November 2024

2024-11-01T18:38:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:38, 1 November 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	= Intel INTELLEC® 4 =		= Intel INTELLEC® 4 =

	The INTELLEC 4 is an Intel MCS-40 (4004/4040) development system with interactive debugging features. MAME provides built-in artwork showing the state of front panel LEDs and switches. All switches are clickable. Due to the large number of switches and potential clashes with keys used for typing monitor commands into the terminal, most switches don't have keys assigned by default. However, a few switches do have default keyboard ~~mappings~~.		The INTELLEC 4 is an Intel MCS-4/MCS-40 (4004/4040) development system with interactive debugging features. MAME provides built-in artwork showing the state of front panel LEDs and switches. All switches are clickable. Due to the large number of switches and potential clashes with keys used for typing monitor commands into the terminal, most switches don't have keys assigned by default. However, a few switches do have default keyboard assignments.

	There are three variants of the system: the original INTELLEC 4 with a 4004/4008/4009 chipset, the INTELLEC 4/MOD 40 with a 4040/4289 chipset and stop/single step features, and the INTELLEC 4/MOD 4 with a 4004 CPU and the control board from the MOD 40 jumpered to provide test line control rather than stop/single step features. MAME emulates the MOD 4 and MOD 40 variant as the intlc44 and intlc440 drivers, respectively.		There are three variants of the system: the original INTELLEC 4 with a 4004/4008/4009 chipset, the INTELLEC 4/MOD 40 with a 4040/4289 chipset and stop/single step features, and the INTELLEC 4/MOD 4 with a 4004 CPU and the control board from the MOD 40 jumpered to provide test line control rather than stop/single step features. MAME emulates the MOD 4 and MOD 40 variant as the intlc44 and intlc440 drivers, respectively.
Line 18:		Line 18:
	** SEARCH COMPLETE indicates that the selected address has been accessed the desired number of times and the display is frozen		** SEARCH COMPLETE indicates that the selected address has been accessed the desired number of times and the display is frozen
	** CPU (MOD 4 only) indicates that clock phase 2 is active (power on and clock generator isn't dead)		** CPU (MOD 4 only) indicates that clock phase 2 is active (power on and clock generator isn't dead)
	** RUN (MOD 40 only) indicates that the CPU is running (i.e. not currently acknowledging stop/halt condition)		** RUN (MOD 40 only) indicates that the CPU is running (i.e. not currently acknowledging a stop/halt condition)
	** POINTER VALID indicates that a SRC instruction has been detected since the last time search mode was entered and the LAST RAM/ROM POINTER LEDs are valid		** POINTER VALID indicates that a SRC instruction has been detected since the last time search mode was entered and the LAST RAM/ROM POINTER LEDs are valid
	* MODE LEDs: indicates the currently selected program storage - MONitor ROM, console RAM card, or PROM card		* MODE LEDs: indicates the currently selected program storage - MONitor ROM, console RAM card, or PROM card
Line 55:		Line 55:
	== Reset Control ==		== Reset Control ==

	The RESET MODE toggle switch controls whether 4002 RAM chips are cleared (filled with zero) when the CPU (4040) and memory controller (4289) are reset. When set to CPU, only the CPU and memory controller are reset; when set to SYSTEM, the CPU and memory controller are reset, and 4002 RAM memory/status is filled with zero. This affects the front panel RESET and MODE CONTROL switches, and also the user reset line from universal cards.		The RESET MODE toggle switch controls whether 4002 RAM chips are cleared (filled with zero) when the CPU (4004/4040) and program memory controller (4289) are reset. When set to CPU, only the CPU and memory controller are reset; when set to SYSTEM, the CPU and memory controller are reset, and 4002 RAM memory/status is filled with zero. This affects the front panel RESET and MODE CONTROL switches, and also the user reset line from universal cards.

	When pressed, the momentary RESET switch resets the CPU and memory controller, and also ~~cleared~~ 4002 RAM memory/status if the RESET MODE switch is set to SYSTEM. This switch generates a pulse when pressed, holding it on will not hold the system in RESET state. This switch will not generate a reset pulse if you're holding any of the MODE CONTROL switches on, or a universal card is asserting the user reset line.		When pressed, the momentary RESET switch resets the CPU and program memory controller, and also clears 4002 RAM memory/status if the RESET MODE switch is set to SYSTEM. This switch generates a pulse when pressed, holding it on will not hold the system in RESET state. This switch will not generate a reset pulse if you're holding any of the MODE CONTROL switches on, or a universal card is asserting the user reset line.

	Note that the RESET switch, the MODE CONTROL switches and the user reset line from universal cards don't affect the contents of the console RAM card. Programs/data stored in the console RAM card are preserved when the CPU is reset or 4002 RAM is cleared.		Note that the RESET switch, the MODE CONTROL switches and the user reset line from universal cards don't affect the contents of the console RAM card. Programs/data stored in the console RAM card are preserved when the CPU is reset or 4002 RAM is cleared.
Line 63:		Line 63:
	== Program Storage Mode Selection ==		== Program Storage Mode Selection ==

	The INTELLEC 4/40 has three 4KiB program storage spaces: onboard monitor PROM, 4KiB console RAM card, and PROM space. The onboard monitor PROM uses 1KiB of its 4KiB space. It's possible to install universal cards that place code in the other 3KiB, but it's practically useless because the monitor provides no way to read or jump to such code. There's nothing in the PROM space by default, but the imm6-26 PROM Memory Module can place code/data here (imm6_26 slot option in MAME allows loading a PROM image up to 4KiB in 256-byte increments).		The INTELLEC 4/40 has three 4KiB program storage spaces: onboard monitor PROM, 4KiB console RAM card, and PROM space. The onboard monitor PROM uses 1KiB of its 4KiB space. It's possible to install universal cards that place code in the other 3KiB, but it's practically useless because the monitor provides no way to read or jump to such code. There's nothing in the PROM space by default, but the imm6-26 PROM Memory Module can place code/data here (imm6_26 slot option in MAME, allows loading a PROM image up to 4KiB in 256-byte increments).

	Pressing any of the three MODE CONTROL switches, MON, RAM or PROM, selects the respective program storage space and resets the CPU (4040) and memory controller (4289). If the RESET CONTROL MODE switch is set to SYSTEM, the 4002 RAM chips will also be cleared (filled with zero). Execution will start from address zero in the selected storage space. The front panel search/capture state is also reset, and universal cards may respond to the CPU reset signal.		Pressing any of the three MODE CONTROL switches, MON, RAM or PROM, selects the respective program storage space and resets the CPU (4004/4040) and program memory controller (4289). If the RESET CONTROL MODE switch is set to SYSTEM, the 4002 RAM chips will also be cleared (filled with zero). Execution will start from address zero in the selected storage space. The front panel search/capture state is also reset, and universal cards may respond to the CPU reset signal.

	The MODE CONTROL switches are all momentary, and are mapped to keypad 1 (MON), keypad 2 (RAM) and keypad 3 (PROM) by default. Pressing two MODE CONTROL switches at once will result in no program storage being mapped (the CPU will execute from unmapped reads). The switches generate a reset pulse when pressed, holding them won't hold the system in reset state. The MODE CONTROL switches won't reset the system if you're holding the RESET switch on or a universal card is asserting the user reset line.		The MODE CONTROL switches are all momentary, and are mapped to keypad 1 (MON), keypad 2 (RAM) and keypad 3 (PROM) by default. Pressing two MODE CONTROL switches at once will result in no program storage being mapped (the CPU will execute from unmapped reads). The switches generate a reset pulse when pressed, holding them won't hold the system in reset state. The MODE CONTROL switches won't reset the system if you're holding the RESET switch on or a universal card is asserting the user reset line.
Line 79:		Line 79:
	=== Stop/Single Step/Halt (MOD 40 only) ===		=== Stop/Single Step/Halt (MOD 40 only) ===

	Turning the STOP switch on stops the CPU, and turning it off allows the CPU to run. While the STOP switch is on, pressing the SINGLE STEP switch allows the CPU to run for a single instruction and then stops it again, allowing you to step the program one instruction at a time. By default, the STOP ~~button~~ is mapped to the keyboard left arrow, and the SINGLE STEP switch is mapped to the keyboard right arrow. The STOP toggles, and the SINGLE STEP switch is momentary.		Turning the STOP switch on (up) stops the CPU, and turning it off (down) allows the CPU to run. While the STOP switch is on, pressing the SINGLE STEP switch allows the CPU to run for a single instruction and then stops it again, allowing you to step the program one instruction at a time. By default, the STOP switch is mapped to the keyboard left arrow, and the SINGLE STEP switch is mapped to the keyboard right arrow. The STOP switch toggles, and the SINGLE STEP switch is momentary.

	If the running program stops the CPU with a HLT instruction, you can resume it from the front panel by turning the STOP switch on and then off again. Universal cards can also stop the CPU, there is no way to override this from the front panel. The RUN LED will be turned off for stop/halt conditions caused by the STOP switch, universal cards requesting stop, or the HLT instruction.		If the running program stops the CPU with a HLT instruction, you can resume it from the front panel by turning the STOP switch on and then off again. Universal cards can also stop the CPU, there is no way to override this from the front panel. The RUN LED will be turned off for stop/halt conditions caused by the STOP switch, universal cards requesting stop, or the HLT instruction.
Line 135:		Line 135:
	* The search will complete, showing the following information:		* The search will complete, showing the following information:
	** SEARCH COMPLETE LED on		** SEARCH COMPLETE LED on
	** ADDRESS LEDs showing the ROM address the FIN instruction loaded data from (contents of R0R1 pair when FIN was executed)		** ADDRESS LEDs showing the ROM address the FIN instruction loaded data from (contents of R0R1 register pair when FIN was executed)
	** INSTRUCTION LEDs showing the byte value loaded by the FIN instruction		** INSTRUCTION LEDs showing the byte value loaded by the FIN instruction

Line 172:		Line 172:
	== The Monitor PROM ==		== The Monitor PROM ==

	The INTELLEC 4/40 has a simple monitor program in onboard PROM. The monitor program is designed to to be used with a full duplex, 10 CPS, 110 Baud, ASCII teleprinter with 20mA current loop interface, like a correctly configured Teletype Corporation Model 33 KSR or ASR. An output is provided for enabling the teleprinter's paper tape reader if present (e.g. on a Model 33 ASR). MAME exposes the teleprinter interface as a virtual RS-232 port (tty slot). The TxD and RxD lines are connected as you'd expect, and the output to enable the paper tape reader is connected to the RTS line; no other control lines are connected. RTS will only be asserted when the monitor wants to load data from paper tape, not when it's ready to accept command input. By default, an emulated video terminal is connected to the virtual RS-232 port, but you can connect it to other emulated peripherals, like the null_modem device that can be pass data through to a network socket on the host system.		The INTELLEC 4/40 has a simple monitor program in onboard PROM. The monitor program is designed to to be used with a full duplex, 10 CPS, 110 Baud, ASCII teleprinter with a 20mA current loop interface, like a correctly configured Teletype Corporation Model 33 KSR or ASR. An output is provided for enabling the teleprinter's paper tape reader if present (e.g. on a Model 33 ASR). MAME exposes the teleprinter interface as a virtual RS-232 port (tty slot). The TxD and RxD lines are connected as you'd expect, and the output to enable the paper tape reader is connected to the RTS line; no other control lines are connected. RTS will only be asserted when the monitor wants to load data from paper tape, not when it's ready to accept command input. By default, an emulated video terminal is connected to the virtual RS-232 port, but you can connect it to other emulated peripherals, like the null_modem device that can be pass data through to a network socket on the host system.

	To use the monitor, ensure local echo and auto LF on CR are off, transmit and receive rates are set to 110 Baud, and framing is set to 1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, and 2 stop bits (you can change serial settings for emulated serial peripherals in the Machine Configuration menu). The monitor handles serial communication in software (no hardware UART), so you can get errors if you type too fast for it to handle the characters. Flow control is only used when loading data from paper tape, not when accepting commands.		To use the monitor, ensure local echo and auto LF on CR are off, transmit and receive rates are set to 110 Baud, and framing is set to 1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, and 2 stop bits (you can change serial settings for emulated serial peripherals in the Machine Configuration menu). The monitor handles serial communication in software (no hardware UART), so you can get errors if you type too fast for it to handle the characters. Flow control is only used when loading data from paper tape, not when accepting commands.

	The monitor only accepts English uppercase letters A-Z, digits 0-9, comma and carriage return (CR, ASCII 0x0D, the return or enter key). Backspace is not supported and there are no line editing or command history features (line editing would be impractical on a teleprinter). The prompt is a single full stop/period ('.', ASCII 0x2E) on a line. On receiving an unexpected or invalid character, the monitor will print an asterisk ('*', ASCII 0x2A), followed by a CRLF newline sequence (ASCII 0x2A, 0x0D, 0x0A) and the prompt, ready to accept a new command. This will happen as soon as the unexpected/invalid character is received and echoed, it won't wait for you to type a carriage return. If you make a mistake while typing a monitor command, just type a character that the monitor doesn't accept (backspace, escape, or any lowercase letter will do) without hitting return, and you'll be ~~send~~ back to the prompt.		The monitor only accepts English uppercase letters A-Z, digits 0-9, comma and carriage return (CR, ASCII 0x0D, the return or enter key). Backspace is not supported and there are no line editing or command history features (line editing would be impractical on a teleprinter). The prompt is a single full stop/period ('.', ASCII 0x2E) on a line. On receiving an unexpected or invalid character, the monitor will print an asterisk ('*', ASCII 0x2A), followed by a CRLF newline sequence (ASCII 0x2A, 0x0D, 0x0A) and the prompt, ready to accept a new command. This will happen as soon as the unexpected/invalid character is received and echoed, it won't wait for you to type a carriage return. If you make a mistake while typing a monitor command, just type a character that the monitor doesn't accept (backspace, escape, or any lowercase letter will do) without hitting return, and you'll be sent back to the prompt.

	=== Command B: Dump BPNF ===		=== Command B: Dump BPNF ===
Line 409:		Line 409:
	=== Command S: Show/Edit Byte ===		=== Command S: Show/Edit Byte ===

	The S command shows a byte in console RAM card memory, and allows you to change its value. It takes the address of the byte as an argument in hexadecimal format (one to three digits ~~each~~). If the argument is empty, it is treated as zero. The current value of the byte is printed followed by a hyphen. To leave it as-is, type a CR (return/enter); to change it, type the desired value as two uppercase hexadecimal digits followed by a CR.		The S command shows a byte in console RAM card memory, and allows you to change its value. It takes the address of the byte as an argument in hexadecimal format (one to three digits). If the argument is empty, it is treated as zero. The current value of the byte is printed followed by a hyphen. To leave it as-is, type a CR (return/enter); to change it, type the desired value as two uppercase hexadecimal digits followed by a CR.

	<pre>.S00A		<pre>.S00A
Line 422:		Line 422:
	=== Command T: Load PROM ===		=== Command T: Load PROM ===

	The T command loads the entire the ~~PROM~~ 256×8 PROM (1602/1702/1602A/1702A) in the front-panel ZIF socket into console RAM card memory at a specified address. It takes the destination address in hexadecimal format as an argument (one to three digits). If the argument is empty it will load at address zero. The rear panel PROM PROGRAMMER DATA OUT ENABLE switch (set in the Machine Configuration menu) must be on for PROM contents to be loaded; zeroes will be loaded if this switch is off. Zeroes will also be loaded if no PROM image file is loaded.		The T command loads the entire content of the 256×8 PROM (1602/1702/1602A/1702A) in the front-panel ZIF socket into console RAM card memory at a specified address. It takes the destination address in hexadecimal format as an argument (one to three digits). If the argument is empty it will load at address zero. The rear panel PROM PROGRAMMER DATA OUT ENABLE switch (set in the Machine Configuration menu) must be on for PROM contents to be loaded; zeroes will be loaded if this switch is off. Zeroes will also be loaded if no PROM image file is loaded.

	<pre>.D0,FF		<pre>.D0,FF

Walker at 21:09, 19 February 2023

2023-02-19T21:09:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:09, 19 February 2023
Line 696:		Line 696:
	If it doesn't work, switch back to the monitor (press the MON switch), check the program again with the D command, correct any errors, and try again.		If it doesn't work, switch back to the monitor (press the MON switch), check the program again with the D command, correct any errors, and try again.

	[[Category:~~1973~~]]		[[Category:Year_1973]]

Walker: fixed Category Tag

2023-02-19T21:02:42Z

fixed Category Tag

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 19 February 2023
Line 696:		Line 696:
	If it doesn't work, switch back to the monitor (press the MON switch), check the program again with the D command, correct any errors, and try again.		If it doesn't work, switch back to the monitor (press the MON switch), check the program again with the D command, correct any errors, and try again.

	[[~~Categorie~~:1973]]		[[Category:1973]]

Walker at 00:31, 19 February 2023

2023-02-19T00:31:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:31, 19 February 2023
Line 695:		Line 695:

	If it doesn't work, switch back to the monitor (press the MON switch), check the program again with the D command, correct any errors, and try again.		If it doesn't work, switch back to the monitor (press the MON switch), check the program again with the D command, correct any errors, and try again.

			[[Categorie:1973]]

Cuavas: /* Command B: Dump BPNF */

2017-09-14T00:36:30Z

Command B: Dump BPNF

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:36, 14 September 2017
Line 180:		Line 180:
	=== Command B: Dump BPNF ===		=== Command B: Dump BPNF ===

	The B command prints 64 NUL characters (ASCII 0x00), dumps data from the console RAM card in ~~hexadecimal~~ format (maximum four bytes per line), and prints another 64 NUL characters. It takes the address of the ~~byte as an argument~~ in hexadecimal format (one to three digits). BPNF is an early binary format designed to be relatively resilient. Each byte starts with a B, followed by eight data bits represented as P or N (MSB to LSB) and ends with an F. Bytes are separated by spaces or newline characters. Intel accepted data for making ROM masks (e.g. for 4001 or 4308 ROM chips) on paper tape in BPNF format.		The B command prints 64 NUL characters (ASCII 0x00), dumps data from the console RAM card in BPNF format (maximum four bytes per line), and then prints another 64 NUL characters. It takes the start address and end address of the bytes to dump in hexadecimal format as comma-separated arguments (one to three digits each). BPNF is an early binary format designed to be relatively resilient. Each byte starts with a B, followed by eight data bits represented as P or N (MSB to LSB) and ends with an F. Bytes are separated by spaces or newline characters. Intel accepted data for making ROM masks (e.g. for 4001 or 4308 ROM chips) on paper tape in BPNF format.

	Assuming the teleprinter is equipped with a paper tape punch, the NUL characters feed paper tape through the punch without punching any data, clearly delimiting the memory dump and giving convenient places to cut or tear the paper tape without risk of data loss. Note that MAME's video terminal ignores the NUL characters, so you won't see any output when the NUL characters are printed, you'll just notice it taking time.		Assuming the teleprinter is equipped with a paper tape punch, the NUL characters feed paper tape through the punch without punching any data, clearly delimiting the memory dump and giving convenient places to cut or tear the paper tape without risk of data loss. Note that MAME's video terminal ignores the NUL characters, so you won't see any output when the NUL characters are printed, you'll just notice it taking time.

Cuavas: /* Front Panel Debugging */

2017-09-14T00:27:10Z

Front Panel Debugging

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:27, 14 September 2017
Line 73:		Line 73:
	=== TEST Input Control (MOD 4 only) ===		=== TEST Input Control (MOD 4 only) ===

	Turning HOLD switch on (up) pulls the CPU's TEST input low (asserted). Pressing the ONE SHOT line low for 35.7 microseconds. The ONE SHOT switch has no observable effect if the HOLD switch is on.		Turning the HOLD switch on (up) pulls the CPU's TEST input low (asserted). Pressing the ONE SHOT line pulls the CPU's TEST input low for 35.7 microseconds. The ONE SHOT switch has no observable effect if the HOLD switch is on.

	The HOLD switch is a toggle, mapped to keyboard left by default. The ONE SHOT switch is momentary, mapped to keyboard right by default. Note that universal cards can also pull the TEST input low. There is no way to force the TEST input high from the front panel if a card is pulling it low.		The HOLD switch is a toggle, mapped to keyboard left by default. The ONE SHOT switch is momentary, mapped to keyboard right by default. Note that universal cards can also pull the TEST input low. There is no way to force the TEST input high from the front panel if a card is pulling it low.

Cuavas at 09:07, 13 July 2017

2017-07-13T09:07:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:07, 13 July 2017
Line 256:		Line 256:
	</pre>		</pre>

	=== Command L: Load ~~BNPF~~ ===		=== Command L: Load BPNF ===

	The L command loads ~~BNPF~~ format data into console RAM card memory from the selected input device – either the teleprinter or its paper tape reader (default or selected with the K command), or an optional high-speed paper tape reader (selected with the J command). It accepts the start and end addresses of the range to load as comma-separated arguments (one to three hexadecimal digits each). If the second argument is less than the first, a single byte is loaded. If either argument is empty, it is treated as zero (the comma is always required). When loading from the teleprinter, the RTS line is asserted when the monitor is ready to accept data. This may be used to enable the teleprinter's paper tape reader motor.		The L command loads BPNF format data into console RAM card memory from the selected input device – either the teleprinter or its paper tape reader (default or selected with the K command), or an optional high-speed paper tape reader (selected with the J command). It accepts the start and end addresses of the range to load as comma-separated arguments (one to three hexadecimal digits each). If the second argument is less than the first, a single byte is loaded. If either argument is empty, it is treated as zero (the comma is always required). When loading from the teleprinter, the RTS line is asserted when the monitor is ready to accept data. This may be used to enable the teleprinter's paper tape reader motor.

	Any characters before the leading B of the first byte, or between the terminating F of one byte and the leading B of the next byte, are ignored. This allows comments to be included, provided they don't contain capital B (ASCII 0x42). If an unexpected character is encountered within a byte, the monitor will stop accepting data input (either de-assert RTS or stop reading the high-speed paper tape), print an asterisk ('*', ASCII 0x2A) followed by a CRLF line ending, and wait for the next command. The terminating F is not actually checked, so you can substitute any character you like and loading will still succeed.		Any characters before the leading B of the first byte, or between the terminating F of one byte and the leading B of the next byte, are ignored. This allows comments to be included, provided they don't contain capital B (ASCII 0x42). If an unexpected character is encountered within a byte, the monitor will stop accepting data input (either de-assert RTS or stop reading the high-speed paper tape), print an asterisk ('*', ASCII 0x2A) followed by a CRLF line ending, and wait for the next command. The terminating F is not actually checked, so you can substitute any character you like and loading will still succeed.
Line 637:		Line 637:
	=== Entering and Checking the Program ===		=== Entering and Checking the Program ===

	We'll enter this program using the monitor. If the MON LED isn't lit, press the MON switch to run the monitor. If you can't see the dot prompt, type a lowercase letter and it should appear. If it still doesn't appear, check your serial settings, ensuring it's set to 110 Baud 1/8/N/2. (As an exercise, you may want to prepare the program as a ~~BNPF~~ or Intel HEX file and load it as a paper tape using the J/K/L/R commands rather than entering it interactively one byte at a time.)		We'll enter this program using the monitor. If the MON LED isn't lit, press the MON switch to run the monitor. If you can't see the dot prompt, type a lowercase letter and it should appear. If it still doesn't appear, check your serial settings, ensuring it's set to 110 Baud 1/8/N/2. (As an exercise, you may want to prepare the program as a BPNF or Intel HEX file and load it as a paper tape using the J/K/L/R commands rather than entering it interactively one byte at a time.)

	Use the S command to enter the program. For each byte in the program, enter S followed by the address of the byte, then press return/enter. The monitor will show the current value at that address. Type the desired byte value followed by carriage return. Remember to use uppercase letters, the monitor doesn't recognise lowercase. If you make a mistake, you can type a lowercase letter or backspace to cancel the current command and get back to the prompt. Remember you need to enter two bytes for the two-byte instructions.		Use the S command to enter the program. For each byte in the program, enter S followed by the address of the byte, then press return/enter. The monitor will show the current value at that address. Type the desired byte value followed by carriage return. Remember to use uppercase letters, the monitor doesn't recognise lowercase. If you make a mistake, you can type a lowercase letter or backspace to cancel the current command and get back to the prompt. Remember you need to enter two bytes for the two-byte instructions.

Cuavas at 09:04, 13 July 2017

2017-07-13T09:04:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 13 July 2017
Line 63:		Line 63:
	== Program Storage Mode Selection ==		== Program Storage Mode Selection ==

	The INTELLEC 4/40 has three 4KiB program storage spaces: onboard monitor PROM, 4KiB console RAM card, and PROM space. The onboard monitor PROM uses 1KiB of its 4KiB space. It's possible to install universal cards that place code in the other 3KiB, but it's practically useless because the monitor provides no way to read or jump to such code. There's nothing in the PROM space by default, but ~~universal cards~~ can ~~map~~ code here.		The INTELLEC 4/40 has three 4KiB program storage spaces: onboard monitor PROM, 4KiB console RAM card, and PROM space. The onboard monitor PROM uses 1KiB of its 4KiB space. It's possible to install universal cards that place code in the other 3KiB, but it's practically useless because the monitor provides no way to read or jump to such code. There's nothing in the PROM space by default, but the imm6-26 PROM Memory Module can place code/data here (imm6_26 slot option in MAME allows loading a PROM image up to 4KiB in 256-byte increments).

	Pressing any of the three MODE CONTROL switches, MON, RAM or PROM, selects the respective program storage space and resets the CPU (4040) and memory controller (4289). If the RESET CONTROL MODE switch is set to SYSTEM, the 4002 RAM chips will also be cleared (filled with zero). Execution will start from address zero in the selected storage space. The front panel search/capture state is also reset, and universal cards may respond to the CPU reset signal.		Pressing any of the three MODE CONTROL switches, MON, RAM or PROM, selects the respective program storage space and resets the CPU (4040) and memory controller (4289). If the RESET CONTROL MODE switch is set to SYSTEM, the 4002 RAM chips will also be cleared (filled with zero). Execution will start from address zero in the selected storage space. The front panel search/capture state is also reset, and universal cards may respond to the CPU reset signal.
Line 599:		Line 599:
	010 0D 73 0C 72 0C 64 40 0A</pre>		010 0D 73 0C 72 0C 64 40 0A</pre>

	You can also check that the program has been entered correctly using the MAME debugger, but that's cheating as you wouldn't have that in real life. The console RAM card content appears in Address Map Bank ':prgbank' program space memory addresses ~~0x1000~~-~~0x1FFF~~. You can view it in a memory window.		You can also check that the program has been entered correctly using the MAME debugger, but that's cheating as you wouldn't have that in real life. The console RAM card content appears in Address Map Bank ':prgbank' program space memory addresses 0x2000-0x2FFF. You can view it in a memory window.

	=== Running the Program ===		=== Running the Program ===

Cuavas at 19:35, 12 July 2017

2017-07-12T19:35:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:35, 12 July 2017
Line 242:		Line 242:
	The J command selects an optional high-speed paper tape reader as the data source for subsequent L and R commands. Accepts a single hexadecimal argument, but it isn't used for anything. The high-speed paper tape reader is controlled with ROM ports 4 (in/out), 6 (in) and 7 (in).		The J command selects an optional high-speed paper tape reader as the data source for subsequent L and R commands. Accepts a single hexadecimal argument, but it isn't used for anything. The high-speed paper tape reader is controlled with ROM ports 4 (in/out), 6 (in) and 7 (in).

	By default, a compatible ~~reader~~ card is installed in slot j7 (it's the ~~ptreader~~ option if you want to install it in a different slot). You can load a paper tape file through the File Manager menu or using the -punchtape (or -ptap) option on the command line.		By default, a compatible 200 CPS imm4-90 High-Speed Paper Tape Reader card is installed in slot j7 (it's the imm4_90 option if you want to install it in a different slot). You can load a paper tape file through the File Manager menu or using the -punchtape (or -ptap) option on the command line.

	<pre>.J		<pre>.J

Cuavas: /* Entering and Checking the Program */

2017-07-12T18:05:41Z

Entering and Checking the Program

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:05, 12 July 2017
Line 637:		Line 637:
	=== Entering and Checking the Program ===		=== Entering and Checking the Program ===

	We'll enter this program using the monitor. If the MON LED isn't lit, press the MON switch to run the monitor. If you can't see the dot prompt, type a lowercase letter and it should appear. If it still doesn't appear, check your serial settings, ensuring it's set to 110 Baud 1/8/N/2. (As an exercise, you may want to prepare the program as a BNPF or Intel HEX file and load it as a paper tape using the J/K/L/R commands.)		We'll enter this program using the monitor. If the MON LED isn't lit, press the MON switch to run the monitor. If you can't see the dot prompt, type a lowercase letter and it should appear. If it still doesn't appear, check your serial settings, ensuring it's set to 110 Baud 1/8/N/2. (As an exercise, you may want to prepare the program as a BNPF or Intel HEX file and load it as a paper tape using the J/K/L/R commands rather than entering it interactively one byte at a time.)

	Use the S command to enter the program. For each byte in the program, enter S followed by the address of the byte, then press return/enter. The monitor will show the current value at that address. Type the desired byte value followed by carriage return. Remember to use uppercase letters, the monitor doesn't recognise lowercase. If you make a mistake, you can type a lowercase letter or backspace to cancel the current command and get back to the prompt. Remember you need to enter two bytes for the two-byte instructions.		Use the S command to enter the program. For each byte in the program, enter S followed by the address of the byte, then press return/enter. The monitor will show the current value at that address. Type the desired byte value followed by carriage return. Remember to use uppercase letters, the monitor doesn't recognise lowercase. If you make a mistake, you can type a lowercase letter or backspace to cancel the current command and get back to the prompt. Remember you need to enter two bytes for the two-byte instructions.