MIG

This page is designed to allow for a quick look over all the drivers with a MACHINE_IMPERFECT_GRAPHICS, MACHINE_IMPERFECT_COLORS or MACHINE_WRONG_COLORS flag by giving, as much as possible, an idea on the amount of effort needed to fix them.

acorn/bbc

GFX emulation isn't accurate yet.

acorn/electron

Graphics seem to be wrong for several games.

acorn/ertictac

poizone - Video timings are off, causing various glitches.

act/victor9k

Contrast isn't correctly emulated.

agat/agat

agat7 - Some video effects and some hw variants aren't emulated.

alpha/equites

gekisou - Various small graphics glitches. More infos on top of the driver.

alpha/splendor

The interpretation of the scaling PROMs might be wrong. The sprite x scaling is not used at all because it couldn't be figured out. Sprite y scaling is slightly wrong and leaves gaps in tall objects. Note that sprites are 30x30 instead of 32x32.

altos/altos2

CRT9007 emulation is lacking some features.

amiga/alg

Probably only missing laserdisc dumps.

amiga/cubo

AGA emulation is missing some features.

amiga/mquake

Marked as imperfect graphics. No further note in the driver.

aristocrat/aristmk4

gunnrose - The color PROM needs to be dumped.

aristocrat/caswin

Cherry-type subgames appear to have wrong graphics alignment.

atari/atarisy4

Video implementation is not complete yet and some ROMs aren't present.

atari/badlandsbl

Playfield color (changes bitplane on the fly?) is wrong, sprite-tilemap priority needs work.

atari/cball

One of the graphics ROMs isn't dumped.

atari/centiped

bullsdrt - Wrong colors.

atari/pofo

Cursor is missing. LCD board isn't emulated.

atari/skyraid

Color decoding isn't fully understood.

atari/sprint2

Supposedly is color instead of b/w, but there isn't any color PROM.

atlus/cave

ppsatan - Background scrolling of the right monitor is a bit off (2nd stage, single player only).

sv8000

Colors don't seem to match available references.

mpu4mod2sw

connect4 - Uses incandescent lamps to make a display grid, need better timing to make this work

bfm/bfcobra

Blitter emulation is incomplete.

bmc/bmcbowl

Scroll isn't implemented and some gfx elements don't appear on screen.

bmc/koftball

Game marked as imperfect graphics. No further note in the driver.

bmc/popobear

Auto-animation speed is erratic (way too fast).

brother/pn8800fxb

Video emulation is incomplete, due to lack of test cases.

capcom/cps1

gulunpa - One bad gfx ROM.

knightsb2 - Bootleg with different gfx hardware. Some glitches and character selection screen is completely black.

sf2re - Title screen is glitched.

varthb2 - Bootleg with different gfx hardware. GFX mask ROMs weren't dumped for this set.

varthb3 - Bootleg with different gfx hardware.

capcom/cps1bl_5205

sf2b, sf2b2, sf2ceb and clones, sf2mdt and clones - Bootlegs with different gfx hardware.

capcom/cps1bl_pic

punipic, punipic2, punipic3, slampic, wofpic - Bootlegs with different gfx hardware.

capcom/cps2

gigaman2 - A bootleg with a different layer offset.

capcom/fcrash

fcrash, ffightbl, ffightbla - GFX glitches during the second cycle of attract mode.

kodb - This bootleg has various graphical issues, mainly with old info not being cleared away. Also, when you are hit, you should flash, but you go invisible instead.

ffightblb, sf2m1, sf2m9, sgyxz, wofabl, wofr1bl - Bootlegs on different hardware suffer from GFX glitches.

capcom/mitchell

mstworld - Bootleg with different video RAM banking.

mstworld2 - GFX garbage at title screen with clean NVRAM. Might be a BTANB.

capcom/sidearms

sidearms and clones - Starfield emulation is preliminary.

capcom/vulgus

1942iti - Peculiarities of the bootleg hw aren't fully emulated.

ces/galgames

galgame4p - There are some garbled graphics in two games (Star Tiger and Battle Checkers).

cinematronics/cinemat

qb3 - Some graphics problems.

cinematronics/jack

tripool, tripoola - Palette problems during attract mode. The tripool driver used to have a hack making the vblank interrupt go off twice per frame, this made the game run way too fast, but no palette bug.

citoh/cit220

Preliminary driver. Missing GFX modes.

commodore/c64

edu64, pet64 ' -

cvs/galaxia

Colors aren't right(there's no color prom?!). Stars background should be multi color. Bullets need to be improved and astrowar needs accurate sprite/bg sync.

dataeast/battlera

Priorities aren't 100 correct. Only necessary features of the PC-Engine video hardware are implemented: not all PC-Engine video features are used by games in this driver.

dataeast/boogwing

ACE chip aren't fully emulated, causing some GFX bugs.

dataeast/btime

tisland - Needs decryption.

dataeast/cninja

cninjabl2 - Bootleg on different hardware. Tilemap offsets need adjusting.

dataeast/cntsteer

Needs correct roz rotation.

dataeast/dassault

Blending effects aren't fully emulated.

dataeast/dec0

automat, ffantasybl, mastbond, secretab - Bootleg on different hardware.

dataeast/deco32

dragngun and clones, tattass and clones - Tattoo Assassins & Dragongun use an unemulated chip (Ace/Jack) for special blending effects. It's exact effect is unclear.

lockload and clones - Marked as imperfect graphics.

nslasher and clones - Marked as imperfect graphics.

dataeast/decocass

cmanhat -

dataeast/deco_mlc

Blending, raster effect features aren't fully emulated currently.

dataeast/deshoros

The display controller isn't identified and the character ROM isn't dumped. Once done, then needs emulating the graphics with genuine artwork display.

dataeast/liberate

prosport, prosporta - Marked as imperfect graphics. No further note in the driver.

dataeast/pktgaldx

pktgaldxb - There are GFX glitches in background of girls after each level.

dataeast/rohga

Wrong/unemulated alpha/priority functions.

dataeast/scregg

rockduck - Color PROMs are mismatched.

dataeast/tumbleb

bcstry, bcstrya - Some gfx offsets problems.

chokchok - There's corruption during attract mode (tmap disable?).

dquizgo - Layer offsets need checking.

funkyjetb - Wrong palette.

semibase - Some sprite offsets problems.

ddr/jtc

jtces40 - Hi-res GFX and colours need fixing.

dec/vt100

Some video attributes are not fully supported yet.

dynax/ddenlovr

funkyfig and clones - Scrolling and priorities problems.

momotaro - Protection + different blitter commands shuffling.

mjflove - Transparency problems in title screen, staff roll and gal display (the background is not visible).

nettoqc, ultrchmp and clone - Marked as imperfect colors.

quiz365 and clone, seljan2 - Marked as imperfect graphics.

quizchq and clone - Some palette issues.

rongrong and clones - Marked as imperfect colors.

sryudens - Transparency problems (Test->Option->Gal, Bonus Game during Demo mode).

dynax/dynax

7jigen, majxtal7, neruton and clone - Priority problems (more details in the driver).

shpeng - Color PROMs dumps are bad.

dynax/realbrk

Need priority handling (e.g during the intro, there are two black bands in the background that should obscure sprites). Sometimes sprites are shrinked to end up overlapping the background image in the tilemaps, but they are a few pixels off.

dynax/royalmah

chalgirl - Missing PROM dump.

ichiban - Bad banking causes GFX issues.

mjsenka, mjyarou and clone, rkjanoh2 - They never seem to set the palette base.

mjsiyoub - Colors need verifying.

pongboo2 - Palette handling is wrong (games don't work anyway).

edevices/twins

spider and clone - Blitter / clear logic may be improved.

efo/cedar_magnet

Sprite communication / banking problems.

efo/cidelsa

draco - Colors aren't perfect yet.

eolith/eolith

candy VRAM erasing doesn't work properly in this game with the logic used in eolith_vram_w. There are various screens, such as the how to play screen and high score screen where you can see graphics which should have been erased. It has been verified that these get erased correctly on the real hardware.

excellent/dblcrown

There's a bogus "Hole" in main screen display; is the background pen really black?; video / irq timings need work.

excellent/gcpinbal

Missing row scroll (column scroll?).

exidy/circus

crasha - The playfield should be cyan. The entire centre box (and contents) should be pale green.

facit/facit4440

HD46505SP row updated function isn't fully understood yet.

falco/falcots28

Some scrolling issues (GNU nano for example).

funworld/4roses

GFX and color decode routines need to be fixed.

funworld/funworld

bigdeal and clone, bonuscrd and clone - Each game needs its own bipolar PROM dump.

clubcard - Wrong background color.

multiwina - Different tilemap / screen parameters.

fuuki/fuukifg3

Raster effects are imperfect: bad frames when lots of new sprites.

gaelco/gaelco3d

Graphics rendering isn't perfect yet.

gaelco/glass

Incorrect priorities.

gaelco/splash_ms

Bootleg hardware. Emulation still preliminary.

gaelco/thoop2

Title screen priority bug.

galaxian/galaxian

aracnis - Marked as imperfect graphics.

aracnisa - Needs reference for colors.

bagmanmc, bagmanm2, bagmanm3, kong, luctoday, mandinka, porter, superbon and clone, supergx, timefgtr - Missing color PROM dump.

bmxstunts - Needs 1l GFX ROM redump. Colors could be wrong, reference material is needed.

galaxianbl3 - Bad PROM or decode.

galkamika - One GFX ROM is bad.

guttangt - At least one GFX ROM is bad, color PROM wasn't dumped so using the standard one, which might not be correct for this set.

jungsub - One GFX ROM is bad. Some unknown writes, probably GFX related.

catacomb, ckongmc2, all mandinga sets, pacmanblc, scobrag, scobraggi, takeoff - PROM is dumped but isn't correctly hooked up yet.

olibug - One of the GFX ROMs is bad. Uses the Galaxian PROM, which gives bad colors(?).

portera - Might actually be correct, but no video reference to check.

spactrai -

streakng and clone - Marked as imperfect colors. PROM is dumped.

galaxian/galaxold

bullsdrtg - One of the GFX ROMs is bad.

dkongjrm - Probably mismatched color PROM.

dkongjrmc - Sprites leave artifacts. Also colors aren't 100%.

spcwarp - Missing color PROM dump.

galaxian/scobra

tazmaniet - PROMs are dumped but not correctly hooked up.

galaxian/scramble

troopy - Bad GFX ROMs.

gamepark/gp32

Palette should be normalized to actual TFT color space.

gametron/sbugger

sbugger, sbuggera - Wrong colors: it looks like there's direct color mapping. Bits from attribute RAM connected to r/g/b outputs without use of color prom or color table.

gottlieb/gottlieb

vidvince - Sprite wrapping issues.

handheld/hh_cop400

minspace - Possibly missing a graphics overlay mask.

handheld/hh_tms1k

skywriter - It's a toy wand that the user waves around to display a message in the air, relying on human persistence of vision. This is simulated in MAME with a screen.

homebrew/lft_phasor

PAL emulation is missing.

ice/lethalj

franticf and clone - Flickers when inserting a coin.

igs/goldstar

carb2002, carb2003 - Color PROMs dumps are bad.

crazybon and clones, nfb96sea, nfb96seb, nfb96sec - Color PROMs might be mismatched.

fl7_50 and clones - Tiles decode isn't correct yet.

kkojnoli - Colors aren't perfect. There are some unused PROMs.

lucky8l - Uses a strange mix of PROMs and PLDs which isn't decoded yet.

eldoraddoa, luckylad, magodds and clones, star100, wcat3 - Colors aren't perfect.

moonlghtb, moonlghtc - Odd palette value at 0xc780, should be black.

nd8lines - PROMs aren't correctly decoded, so very wrong colors.

igs/igs017

mgdh - Wrong colors in betting screen.

igs/igs_m027_023vid

IRQ problems cause some disappearing sprites.

igs/igspoker

igs_ncs2 - Incomplete dump.

igs/jackie

kungfu - Wrong colors on the 'reel' layers.

igs/lordgun

lordgun - In the 3rd leg of the ship stage, sometimes part of a far jetboat is drawn above a nearer sub (both sprites). But this is correct considering both priorities and sprite list positions. Original game bug? Wrong colors for tilemap 0 in the 2nd leg of the last stage (where some sprite priority bugs happen too). In the jungle level, final enemy, tilemap 0 does not scroll. It may have wrong priority, or may need to be disabled, even though it is used by enemies to hide, so it's probably just odd but right after all.

igs/spoker

3super8 - ROMs are badly dumped.

igt/peplus

all Imperial games, pebe0014a, pemg0213, pepp0045b, pepp0045c, pepp0130, pepp0733, pepp0775, pepp0777, pepp0816, peps0086, peps0267, peps0271, peps0615, peps0628, pex0057pb, pex0057pd, pex0827s, pex0846s, pex1087s, pex2172pa, pexm009p - Wrong CG graphics and/or CAP ROMs.

irem/m10

Colors are close to screenshots for IPM Invader. The other games have not been verified.

irem/m107

wpksoc and clone - Graphics glitches due to some unimplemented features.

irem/m14

Colors might be not 100% accurate (needs video references);

irem/m62_bkungfu

Blitter data is encrypted and MCU is undumped.

irem/m90

dynablstb4 - This bootleg has offset sprites.

irem/m92

leaguemn, nbbatman, nbbatmanu - Raster effects don't work properly.

ppan - Bootleg on different hardware.

irem/redalert

demoneye - Missing the 3rd GFX layer.

itech/itech32

drivedge - Uses modified video hardware. It's emulation is quite complete, but still not 100%.

jaleco/aeroboto

Starfield emulation is guessed and likely incorrect.

jaleco/argus

Driver has accurate description of the video emulation's inaccuracies.

jaleco/blueprnt

grasspin - Some minor GFX glitches.

jaleco/bnstars

See ms32.

jaleco/cischeat

bigrun is the only set which seems to have correct GFX emulation. For the other sets, some ROMs aren't used (priorities?). Screen control register hasn't been found yet (priorities, layers enabling etc.) In f1gpstar, it's unsure whether they are correct in a few places (e.g. in the attract mode, where cars move horizontally, the wheels don't follow for this reason, probably).

jaleco/ddayjlc

Priorities aren't perfect.

jaleco/exerion

irion - Priorities aren't correct.

jaleco/homerun

Needs better emulation of gfx bank switching.

jaleco/jalmah

Back layer pens look ugly in some circumstances (i.e. suchipi when you win, mjzoomin when coined up).

jaleco/megasys1

hayaosi1 - Game marked as imperfect graphics. No further note.

tshingen and clone - Unemulated mosaic effect.

jaleco/ms32

Video system is only partially understood. Extensive TODO on top of the driver.

f1superb - Has an additional unemulated DSP for road GFX.

jaleco/pturn

Palette decoding isn't perfect.

jaleco/tetrisp2

rocknms -

jpm/jpmimpct

cluedo and clones - During the attract mode, just after the camera flash, the camera colours go screwy and proceeding text is printed behind the camera. A TMS34010 emulation flaw or original game code bug.

kaneko/expro02

fantasia and clones - GFX glitches.

pgalvip - Select screen seems wrong, though it might just be an unfinished version of the game.

zipzap - Bad dump.

kaneko/galpani3

Video hardware isn't completely understood: the priority mixing is non-obvious and there are probably some blending effects as found on suprnova.

kaneko/jchan

There are some priority issues.

kaneko/kaneko16

packbang and clone - Priorities between stages could be wrong.

kaneko/suprnova

Video emulation is missing many features. Detailed list in the driver.

kiwako/jongkyo

Colors are wrong, possibly due to wrong video RAM banking.

kiwako/koikoi

Colors are incorrect (color(?) prom outputs are connected to one of pals). It might help to have a screenshot of the original thing.

konami/asterix

Problems with the Konami logo: in the original the outline is drawn, then there's a slight delay of 1 or 2 seconds, then it fills from the top to the bottom with the colour, including the word "Konami".

konami/bishi

K056832 chip emulation lacks per-tile priority.

konami/chqflag

Opponent cars have wrong RNG colors compared to references. Needs proper shadow/highlight factor values for sprites and tilemap.

konami/cobra

Missing features / effects.

konami/combatsc

combascb - Colors are imperfect.

konami/dbz

The Banpresto logo in DBZ has bad colors after 1 run of the attract mode because it's associated to the wrong logical tilemap and the same happens in DBZ2 test mode. It should be a bug in K056832 emulation.

konami/gberet

gberetb - Needs correct PROM decoding.

konami/gticlub

Not all features of the Konami 3D hardware have been implemented.

konami/konamigs

Q2SD GPU emulation is preliminary and only implements the features needed by the only game dumped.

konami/konamigv

tmosh and clones - Picture to be printed is cut off on the left.

konami/konamigx

All games have minor graphics glitches.

ggreats2, opengolf, opengolf2, racinfrc, racinfrcu - Need ROZ layer emulation.

vsnetscr and clones - Need adding of 'Roz Doubling' support to the Type-4 roz rendering when width > 512 and fixing of the issues with FG Tilemaps (the hack used for Soccer Superstars clearly doesn't work here causing most of the left screen tilemaps to vanish).

winspike and clones - Bad sprite colours (might be more protection).

konami/konamim2

btltryst - Unemulated GFX modes make the game too glitchy to be playable.

heatof11 -

konami/konmedal

buttobi, ddboy and clone - Priorities not understood and wrong in places, apparently controlled by PROM.

konami/konmedal68k

Some small gfx glitches remain.

konami/lethal

'External' rowscroll not hooked up correctly (1st attract level, highscores). There possibly are some priority issues / sprite placement issues.

konami/moo

bucky and clones - GFX glitches.

moomesa and clones - Needs 54338 color blender support(intro gfx missing and fog blocking view). Enemies coming out of the jail cells in the last stage have wrong priority. Could be tile priority or the typical "small Z, big pri" sprite masking trick currently not supported by K053247_sprites_draw().

konami/mystwarr

All games are marked as imperfect graphics. No further note in the driver.

metamrph and clones - Intro needs alpha blended sprites.

konami/nwk-tr

Complex Konami 3D hardware. Some features aren't correctly implemented yet.

konami/overdriv

Lots of problems: Missing road (two K053250). Visible area and relative placement of sprites and tiles are most likely wrong. Some flickering sprites, this might be an interrupt/timing issue. The screen is cluttered with sprites which aren't supposed to be visible, increasing the coordinate mask in K053247_sprites_draw() from 0x3ff to 0xfff fixes this but breaks other games (e.g. Vendetta). The "Continue?" sprites are not visible until you press start. Priorities need figuring out.

konami/pingpong

cashquiz - Incomplete dump.

konami/piratesh

The KONAMI custom GFX chips' emulation isn't perfect yet.

konami/plygonet

Player's tank currently flickers on and off during the first in-game attract-mode segment.

konami/rungun

Missing dual monitor support. Sprite palettes are not entirely right. ROZ update causes music to stutter.

konami/tmnt2

glfgreat and clones - They have some problems with the zooming sprites and playfield graphics.

ssriders and clones - Marked as imperfect graphics. No further note in the driver.

ssridersb - Bad dump.

konami/trackfld

mastkin - Color PROMs aren't dumped.

konami/tutankhm

Missing starfield emulation.

konami/xexex

Alpha blending issues.

konami/xmen

xmen6p, xmen6pu - The way the double screen works in xmen6p is not fully understood.

xmenabl - Sprites don't work correctly.

konami/zr107

Konami custom chips' features aren't fully implemented.

liberty/freedom200

Light/dark background and soft scroll aren't emulated yet.

matic/barata

Whack-a-mole type game with no screen. Needs photographic artwork.

mc/mc68000

Needs color/brightness levels emulation.

meadows/meadows

gypsyjug - Incomplete dump.

meadows/warpsped

Circles colors are probably not correct. Starfield is wrong. It is done with tilemap fixed in ROM, but ROM mapping is not correct. Starfield scrolling is missing too.

merit/merit

chkndraw and clones, mosdraw, pitboss and clones, riviera and clones - Games marked as imperfect graphics. No further note.

merit/meritm

V9938 emulation is incomplete.

merit/mgames

Color system (no bipolar PROMs in the system), needs a reference.

metro/metro

3kokushi, blzntrnd, daitorid, gakusai, karatour, ladykill, moegonta, msgogo, puzzli and clone, toride2 and clones - Various GFX glitches.

gstrik2 and clone - Priorities between rounds are wrong.

metro/rabbit

Missing raster effects (see left side of one of the levels). Needs clean up of the zoom code and a more accurate zoom effect.

metro/tmmjprd

In 16x16 tile mode, the offset into tileram doesn't necessarily align to 16x16 tiles! This makes using the tilemap system excessively difficult, as it expects predecoded tiles which simply isn't possible here. This is used for the girls in the intro at least, they specify 16x16 tiles on non 16x16 boundaries. (basically the physical tile ROM addressing doesn't change between modes even if the data type does).Video has a 'blitter' but it isn't used by these games, it is used by Rabbit. Sprites from one screen are overlapping on the other, probably there's a way to limit them to a single screen. Priorities are wrong.

tmpdoki - Possible bad dump.

midcoin/wallc

sidampkr - Colors need verifying on real hardware.

sidampkra - Colors need verifying on real hardware, cards' graphics are wrong.

midw8080/8080bw

ballbomb - Missing clouds due to incomplete dump.

galxwars and clones, laser, spacerng, spcewarla, spclaser, spcwarl - Missing color PROMs dumps, using the wrong ones for the time being.

invadernc - Color PROM isn't correctly hooked up. It may be a bad dump.

rollingc - Colors don't match available references.

schaser, schasercv - Color PROM was hooked-up, but colors are still marked as imperfect.

sflush - Maybe missing a color PROM dump.

midway/midzeus

invasnab and clones, mk4 and clones - Zeus chip emulation is incomplete.

crusnexo and clones, thegrid and clones - Zeus 2 chip emulation is preliminary.

midway/williams

mysticm and clone - Palette decoding isn't fully understood.

misc/acefruit

sidewndr -

spellbnd -

misc/amaticmg

Graphics are decoded but only 2 bitplanes are hooked up. Colour decoding routines need figuring out.

misc/amusco

The palette is totally wrong.

misc/anes

Blitter emulation is lacking some features.

misc/astrcorp

hacher - One of the sprite ROMs has stuck bits.

misc/beaminv

ctainv - The game is supposedly colour, but what it puts in RAM seems to be black and white only.

misc/blitz68k

Blitter emulation is missing some features.

misc/corona

re800v3 - Color PROM needs redump.

misc/cybertnk

Sprite zooming and sprite shadows need improving.

misc/dfruit

TC0091LVC emulation lacks some features, resulting in gfx glitches.

misc/dwarfd

Suffers from incomplete 8275 CRT emulation.

quarterh and clones - Laserdisc isn't dumped yet.

misc/efdt

Missing starfield and possibly missing background gradient.

misc/ettrivia

strvmstr - Color PROMs dumps are bad.

misc/flipjack

Various gfx/color problems remaining.

misc/flower

Priorities aren't correct yet.

misc/gei

All games in the driver have wrong colors.

misc/gms

magslot - Reels tilemaps aren't properly placed.

misc/goldnpkr

ngoldb - Some GFX ROMs are badly dumped.

super21p - Palette decoding isn't perfect yet.

animpkr, wtchjackc, wtchjackd, wtchjacke, wtchjackf, wtchjackg, wtchjacki, wtchjackj - PROMs are badly dumped / missing.

misc/gumbo

mspuzzleb - Bad dumps.

misc/homedata

battlcry and clones - Some tiny gfx glitches.

hourouki - In attract mode, it draws a horizontal black bar on the bottom right side of the display.

mrokumei - Wrong gfx at the beginning of a game. It is selecting the wrong gfx bank.

misc/imolagp

Current color implementation is incorrect.

misc/kyugo

99lstwarb - BG tilemap is wrong in some levels. PROMs weren't dumped for this set, so a dump is needed.

misc/laserbas

There are weird palette changes and some video reference would be useful to verify GFX emulation in general.

misc/magic10

spetrix - Some text is misplaced in the Tetris game.

misc/magicfly

bchance - One of the GFX ROMs is a bad dump.

misc/malzak

Playfield graphics may be banked.

misc/megaphx

TMS34010 isn't correctly hooked up and / or has some bugs.

misc/microbox2

Needs improvements to UPD7220A to handle scrolling.

misc/mirderby

Preliminary sprites and scrolling.

misc/monon_color

Some unimplemented GFX features.

misc/murogem

The palette system needs to be understood.

misc/neoprint

Needs implementation of the remaining video features. Needs simulation of the printer/camera devices, lamps.

misc/oneshot

oneshot - Priorities for some tiles are wrong. There might be a layer order register.

misc/othello

Correct colors need to be derived from the color DAC (24 resistors) on PCB.

misc/roul

Palette and blitter command 0x00 need verifying.

misc/skimaxx

The player often disappears (when she's too slow?). Is this normal ?

misc/skylncr

bdream97, seadevil - GFX glitches.

olymp, score5, sonikfig, spcliner - Palette not understood. The games don't ever seem to get to using the ramdac, even though disassemblies show the routines are there.

misc/sliver

Some transparency problems in some stages.

misc/ssingles

Colors are wrong (possibly missing PROMs).

misc/stuntair

Needs correct colour PROM decoding (resistor values?), correct FG colour handling (currently use a hardcoded white) and fixing remaining GFX / sprite issues (flicker sometimes, might need better vblank timing?).

misc/summit

Scrolling is wrong, missing graphics at top and right (pound values), palette (currently handmade).

misc/tattack

Palette system isn't understood.

misc/taxidriv

Palette system isn't understood.

misc/trvmadns

Palette might be right but should be verified.

misc/tugboat

Score display is kludged and looks wrong and colors may not be 100% accurate.

misc/vampire

Color decode isn't correct and there some some GFX glitches when flipped.

misc/videoart

Palette is approximated from photos / videos.

misc/videosaa

ladygum - Palette generation isn't understood.

misc/vroulet

Wrong colors (4bpp tiles and 3bpp palette?). Some problems with the ball sprite (maybe it's something else in real machine , not sprite).

misc/xtom3d

Incomplete Voodoo emulation causes glitches.

msx/msx1

ax230 -

msx/sangho

pzlestar - Title screen uses sprites with screen 12, has wrong colors due of it.

namco/20pacgal

Starfield is not 100% accurate.

namco/cswat

Gfx/colors aren't correctly emulated (ROMs redump needed).

namco/gaplus

The starfield is wrong.

namco/namcofl

Some GFX glitches.

namco/namcona1

xday2 -

namco/namcond1

Video emulation lacks some graphical effects (ROZ, ..).

namco/namcos12

toukon3 - Severe GFX problems.

namco/namcos2

finallap and clones - Sprite size bit is bogus during splash screen. Bad road colors.

finalap2 and clones, suzuka8h and clones - Bad road colors.

finalap3, finalap3j - Use unaligned 32x32 sprites, which aren't handled correctly in video/namcos2.cpp yet. Bad road colors.

fourtrax and clones -

namco/namcos21

Graphics system emulation is lacking some features and some aren't understood.

namco/namcos21_c67

Graphics system emulation is lacking some features and some aren't understood.

namco/namcos21_de

Graphics system emulation is lacking some features and some aren't understood.

namco/namcos22

Graphics system emulation is lacking some features and some aren't understood.

namco/namcos23

Graphics system emulation is lacking some features and some aren't understood.

namco/namcos86

wndrmomo - Enemies coming out from the ground cut "holes" from the crowd in the foreground. This is because the crowd sprites have higher priority, but come earlier in the sprite list, so now that sprite/tilemap orthogonality is implemented, crowd is obscured by sprites following it, which are obscured by the tilemap. Reverting to the previous behaviour, removing orthogonality, would fix the problem, but It's almost sure it wouldn't be correct.

namco/polepos

grally, polepos2bi, polepos2bs - Bootleg on different hardware. Colors aren't correctly decoded yet.

namco/tankbatt

Resistor values on the color prom need to be corrected.

nasco/suprgolf

Some weird framebuffer vertical gaps with some object, namely the green and the trees (zooming?).

nichibutsu/cclimber

cannonb - Dump is probably bad and/or ROMs are mismatched.

ccbootmm - Some of the GFX ROMs' dumps are corrupt.

ckongpt2b2 - One color PROM seems bad, but has been verified on 4 different PCBs.

nichibutsu/clshroad

firebatl - Transparency for the text layer is not correctly emulated.

nichibutsu/nbmj8900

ohpaipee -

nichibutsu/nightgal

ngalsumr, ngtbunny, nightgal, royalngt, royalqn, sgaltrop - Blitter isn't fully implemented yet. Charles MacDonald wrote technical notes about it. There's also a protection device.

nintendo/aleck64

doncdoon, hipai, hipai2, kurufev, mayjin3, mtetrisc, srmvs, starsldr, twrshaft, vivdolls - N64 video emulation is lacking some features.

nintendo/dkong

pestplce - Colors and origin unknown.

nintendo/famibox

Screen modulation (before time out) is not emulated.

nintendo/n8080

helifire, helifirea

nintendo/nes

PPU emulation needs to be brought up to par with current knowledge.

nintendo/nes_m8

PPU emulation needs to be brought up to par with current knowledge.

nintendo/nes_m82

PPU emulation needs to be brought up to par with current knowledge.

nintendo/nes_vt02_vt03

These NES clones have modified hardware. Differences aren't fully implemented yet, causing imperfect graphics and/or colors in these games.

nintendo/nes_vt09

These NES clones have modified hardware. Differences aren't fully implemented yet, causing imperfect graphics and/or colors in these games.

nintendo/nes_vt32

These NES clones have modified hardware. Differences aren't fully implemented yet, causing imperfect graphics and/or colors in these games.

nintendo/nes_vt369_vtunknown

These NES clones have modified hardware. Differences aren't fully implemented yet, causing imperfect graphics and/or colors in these games.

nintendo/playch10

pc_bstar, pc_miket, pc_pinbt - GFX glitches due to mapper or PPU problems.

pc_cshwk - Severe GFX glitches on the second level.

pc_ebike - Scanline in middle of screen scrolls when it should not.

pc_ngai2 - Level 2 BG graphics are a total mess.

pc_radr2, pc_radrc, pc_sjetm -

nintendo/snes

Snes video emulation isn't perfect yet.

nintendo/snesb

Snes video emulation isn't perfect yet.

nintendo/spacefb

Bullet colors are incorrect.

nintendo/vsnes

nvs_machrider and clone, vsslalom - GFX glitches due to mapper / PPU emulation problems.

vstennisb - Bad dump.

nintendo/vt1682

Some GFX modes aren't implemented yet.

nix/fitfight

Scrolling and sprite color problems.

nmk/nmk16

spec2k - The ships sometimes scroll off the screen if you insert a coin during the attract demo.

olympia/dday

The driver currently hacks a handgenerated color tables, which matches the screenshot. Needs correct emulation.

olympia/lbeach

Colors aren't probably 100% correct yet. No reference available.

olympia/monzagp

Incorrect colors and some GFX inaccuracies.

olympia/portrait

Sprites, palette and priorities aren't fully understood.

olympia/vega

Needs implementation of the color mixer and scanline based rendering.

omori/battlex

battlex - Missing starfield. Background tile colors are wrong.

dodgeman - BG tilemap palette bits (in most cases paltte 0 is used, only highlights ( battlex logo, hiscore table) uses different palettes(?). Current implementation gives different highlight colors than on real hardware (i.e. battlex logo should have yellow highights).

omori/carjmbre

Colors look wrong, maybe address bitswap?

omori/spaceg

Various gfx glitches.

orca/vastar

dogfightp - Bullet color needs to be verified.

orca/zodiack

zodiack - Bullet color needs to be verified.

moguchan - Color decoding is wrong.

pacman/pacman

cannonbp - Color PROMs should be correct but give wrong ugly colors.

eggor - Color PROMs might be mismatched.

painter - Sprite ROM dump is bad.

pc/calchase

GFX glitches, possibly due to CPU bugs.

pc/fruitpc

Preliminary driver. Pc based hardware.

pc/przone

Virge emulation isn't perfect yet.

pc/sis630

Preliminary driver. Big TODO on top of file.

phoenix/phoenix

capitol, cityatta, pleiadbl, pleiadce, pleiads, pleiadsi, pleiadsn - Palette banking. Controlled by 3 custom chips marked T-X, T-Y and T-Z. These chips are responsible for the protection as well.

phoenixi - This bootleg uses 1 8-bit PROM instead of 2 4-bit ones like the vast majority of the other games on phoenix hardware. Needs correct decoding.

playmark/playmark

luckboomh - Lucky Boom has some minor colour issue with the background - see the title screen. The game selects the wrong colour for some tiles. The tiles should be colour 0x01 not 0x02. Affects the backgrounds in game however it's barely noticable.

playmark/powerbal

atombjt - Game adapted to this hw, might still have some GFX glitches lurking.

playmark/sderby

croupierb, magictch - Wrong text layer hook up, some scroll offsets are wrong.

promat/3x3puzzl

casanova - Some GFX glitches. Are palette / tilemaps buffered?

promat/gstream

x2222o - The available GFX ROMs aren't correct for the older prototype program ROMs.

saitek/intchess

Colors are estimated from photos (black and white are obvious, but the green and cyan are not standard 0x00ff00 / 0x00ffff), video timing is unknown, sprite offsets are estimated from photos.

sanritsu/mermaid

mermaid, yachtsmn - Some GFX effects aren't emulated correctly.

rougien - Stars playfield colors and scrolling are wrong.

sanritsu/mjkjidai

mjkjidai - Several imperfections with sprites rendering:some sprites are misplaced by 1pixel vertically and during the tile distribution at the beginning of a match, there's something wrong with the stacks moved around, they are misaligned and something is missing.

sanritsu/ron

Palette PROMs not correctly hooked up.

sega/dc_atomiswave

Graphics system emulation is lacking some features.

sega/deniam

logicpro - Logic Pro has an unemulated graphical effect: when you insert a coin, the screen becomes very slightly darker until the next 'scene change'. This is not emulated yet.

sega/megaplay

Overlay isn't accurately emulated.

sega/model1

swa and clone - Ship models periodically disappear for a frame or two during attract mode and while in-game.

vformula - TGP coprocessor emulation is incomplete.

sega/model2

model 2, model 2A, model 2B games - 3D coprocessors emulation / hook-up are incomplete.

model 2c games - 3D coprocessor isn't emulated.

sega/model3

Video hardware emulation is lacking many features.

sega/naomi

Graphics system emulation is lacking some features.

sega/sega_beena

Misses storyware layout.

sega/segaatom

Preliminary driver. H8S/2373 based.

sega/segajw

Preliminary driver.

sega/segas16a

fantzonepr - Bad / missing GFX ROMs.

sega/segas18_astormbl

There are glitches that need to be verified against hardware.

sega/segas24

Missing linescroll in special modes (qgh title, mahmajn2/qrouka attract mode) and screen flipping (mix register 13 & 2).

crkdown and clones - Clipping / solid layer problems? (Radar display).

qsww - Wrong background color on title screen.

sgmastc and clones - Some gfx offset / color problems?

sega/segas32

Some graphics effects aren't understood / implemented yet.

sega/segasp

Graphics system emulation is lacking some features.

sega/stv

Video emulation is lacking some features / the video system isn't completely understood. Detailed list of problems in the driver.

sega/system1

gardiab, gardiaj - Some graphics glitches.

sega/system16

Bootlegs on different hardware. Most supported sets need proper video hardware implementation.

sega/vicdual

' alphaho - Missing color PROM.

invho2a - Bad colors (wrong for Invinco, all black for Head On 2). Multiple dump attempts of the color PROM have given the same result.

nsub -

spacetrk and clone - Star field and background gradient are missing.

seibu/airraid

GFX ROMs in black 'blobs'.

seibu/banprestoms

GFX emulation should be double checked for glitches once the games are fully playable.

seibu/goodejan

Some sprites flicker on attract mode.

seibu/panicr

Sprite - sprite priorities are possibly wrong. Needs video reference.

seibu/seibuspi

Missing alpha blending effect: screenshot on www.system16.com show that during attract mode in Viper Phase 1 the "Viper" part of the logo (the red part) should be partially transparent. Same thing with the blu "Viper" logo when on the "push 1 or 2 players button" screen. Note that the red logo is tiles, the blue logo is sprites. Same thing with the lights on the ground at the beginning of the game. They are opaque now, you should see the background tiles through.

seibu/sengokmj

Some video C.R.T. registers aren't understood. Some sprites bugs at the start of a play.

seibu/wiz

scion and clone, stinger and clones - Global palette is wrong in stinger/scion compared to PCB, or could it be due to gamma/hue?.

seta/albazc

Color decoding might be ímperfect. Some unknown sprite attributes.

seta/jclub2

darkhors - Needs fixing of the disalignment between sprites and tilemap (gap in the fence) during play, without breaking the other screens, which are fine.

jclub2 and clones - Priorities need some work.

seta/namcoeva

Some glitches (i.e. part of the screen goes black shortly after coining in).

seta/seta

blandia and clones - There is at least a missing rowscroll effect.

crazyfgt - Graphics glitches.

extdwnhl - Has some wrong colored tiles in one of the attract mode images and in later tracks.

superbar, wiggie - There are a few gfx emulation bugs (flipping of some border tiles and sprites not leaving the screen correctly). It's possible the custom hardware doesn't behave *exactly* the same as the original seta hardware.

seta/seta2

deerhunt and clones, wschamp and clones - Offset tilemap sprite during demo.

grdians and clones - The map screen after the character selection needs zooming. There is a global zoom register that should affect the background map and the level picture but not the frontmost frame. This latter should use color 7ff (the last one) and ignore the individual color codes in the tiles data. Zooming is also used briefly in pengbros.

myangel - Some gfx at the end of the game (rays just before fireworks, and the border during the wedding) have wrong colors. You can see the rays red, green and yellow because that's how the palette is preinitialized by MAME, but the game never sets up those palette entries. The game selects color depth "1", whose meaning is uncertain, and color code 0 so there doesn't seem to be a way to point to a different section of palette RAM. There are glitches in the bg horizontal scroll in the wedding sequence at the end of the game. It looks like "scrollx" should be delayed one frame wrt "xoffs".

myangel2 - Before each level, the background image is shown with completely wrong colors. It corrects itself when the level starts.

endrichs and clones, reelquak - Needs an x offset for tilemap sprites. There are one frame glitches in the reels scroll.

staraudi - Needs flipscreen hook up.

telpacfl - One of the GFX ROMs is a bad dump.

trophyh and clone - MAME hangs for around 15 seconds every now and then, at scene changes. This is probably due to a couple of frames with an odd or corrupt sprites list, taking a long time to render.

turkhunt -

seta/simple_st0016

koikois, mayjinsn - Marked as imperfect graphics, no further note.

seta/speglsht

Some GFX glitches.

seta/srmp5

Custom seta video chip emulation is incomplete.

seta/srmp6

Custom seta video chip emulation is incomplete.

seta/ssv

All games are missing CRT controller emulation (resolution+visible area+flip screen?).

dynagear - Visible area may be incorrect.

eaglshot -

janjans1 -

janjans2 -

pastelis - Imperfect raster effects in ending credits and shadows.

stmblade and clones - There is a rogue "tilemap" sprite that pops up at level 2 and stays there till the end of the game (a piece of sky to the left of the screen). It seems that the x&y offsets in the sprite list should be applied to it (-$200,-$200) to move it off screen. But currently those offsets are ignored for "tilemap" sprites. This may be related to the kludge for srmp4 and to the kludge for keithlcy.

ultrax and clones - Backgrounds are offset by $10 pixels, so they're kludged to work.

sgi/indy_indigo2

indy_4610, indy_4613, indy_5015 -

sgi/ip12

Graphics features are only partially implemented / working.

sgi/ip20

Graphics features are only partially implemented / working.

sgi/ip6

Graphics features are only partially implemented / working.

skeleton/basf7100

Real character ROM needs to be dumped and video emulation isn't complete.

skeleton/candela

can09 - Needs Vram and screen and LCD emulation.

skeleton/hudson_poems

Some GFX effects still missing.

skeleton/sbrain

Missing row buffering DMA (DP8350, MM5035) and line-by-line rendering and proper character generator emulation (CRT8002).

snk/dmndrby

Colors are imperfect.

stern/astinvad

spaceint - Wrong colors.

spaceintj - Color PROM is marked as bad dump (same PROM as spaceint).

stern/mazerbla

The games use a custom video controller which isn't fully understood. (See notes on top of driver)

subsino/subsino2

qbeebing, queenbee and clones, squeenb, treamary - Empty reels when bonus image should scroll in via L0 scroll. The image (crown/fruits) is at y > 0x100 in the tilemap.

ptrain - Missing scroll in race screens.

suna/suna8

sranger and clones - Various imperfections (see fireball masking, lev. 5; masking/missing legs, lev. 10).

starfigh - Missing starfield effect.

sunelectronics/blockch

Paddle / ball sprite drawing is guessed.

sunelectronics/dai3wksi

dai3wksi, runaways, warp1, warp1t - Colors generation isn't understood. On the PCB there are no PROMs, so it's hardcoded logic somehow? It's 3bpp colors, not b&w + color overlay.

sunelectronics/route16

jongpute, vscompmj - Palette decoding is wrong.

sunelectronics/shangha3

Zoom support isn't accurate, possibly other missing blitter features.

sunelectronics/shanghai

blocken - Incomplete zoom support, and missing rotation support. Setting the game in Game Mode B shows a decent test case for it by starting a play.

kothello - Small GFX glitches.

shanghai - The end of round animation in Shanghai is wrong.

tab/tabe22

Probably missing some text effects.

taito/2mindril

Video emulation (Taito F3) isn't perfect yet.

taito/40love

40love and clone - Possible bad ROM. Sprite memory needs to be buffered? Pixel layer needs priority?

taito/buggychl

Long list of video emulation flaws on top of driver file.

taito/cchance

Color PROMs aren't dumped.

taito/galastrm

FLIPX support in taitoic.cpp is not quite correct.

taito/grchamp

"Radar" is probably wrong.

taito/gsword

josvolly - Video hardware isn't completely understood.

taito/halleys

All games suffer from the many missing features of the blitter emulation.

taito/lkage

bygone - Title screen glitches, other glitches.

taito/lsasquad

Wrong sprite/tilemap priority. Scrollram not entirely understood.

taito/marinedt

Imperfect colors: unused bit 2 of color prom, guesswokred sea gradient, mg16 entirely unused. Also unused colors 0x10-0x1f (might be a flashing bank).

taito/nycaptor

Driver needs real bg/sprite priority system.

taito/scyclone

Colors need to be verified.

taito/ssrj

Wrong colors (possibly missing PROMs). Video hardware isn't fully understood.

taito/taitoair

topland and clones - Framebuffer DMA requires palette switch to be selected dynamically, see at first stage Course Select in Top Landing. Night stages might have wrong priority for stars-above-sea.

taito/taitojc

3D graphics system isn't fully implemented.

taito/taitopjc

Some GFX glitches remain.

taito/taito_b

hitice and clones - Ice trails are incorrect. The pixel bitmap is not cleared on startup nor during attract mode. There's a kludge to fix it in the first case.

taito/taito_f3

commandw - Some clipping and layer problems.

taito/taito_l

plgirls2b - Scroll offset problems.

taito/taito_o

Various GFX glitches listed on top of the driver.

taito/taito_z

Video hardware needs a lot of work. Detailed list of problems in the driver.

taito/tnzs

jpoponics - Palette format (or gfx decode?) appears to be incorrect, some colours clearly don't match the screenshot. The bar behind the players flickers first during boot / first attract levels. Is might be a bug.

taito/tsamurai

Colors aren't understood. PROM dumps are suspected bad.

taito/undrfire

Sprites on some rounds had sprite/tile priority issues. Solved by upping sprite priority while TC0480SCP row zoom is enabled - kludge.

taito/wgp

Video hardware emulation needs lot of work (see top of driver for detailed notes).

taito/wyvernf0

Colors for some sprites are wrong.

tatsumi/kingdrby

Work needed on remaining video issues, priorities, sprites, etc. Tilemap color offsets aren't understood.

tatsumi/tatsumi

Video hardware is extremely complex. Detailed list of problems on top of driver.

tch/littlerb

The VDP device isn't perfectly understood yet.

tch/rltennis

Various gfx glitches here and there, mostly related to wrong size of data.

tch/wheelfir

The blitter isn't understood / correctly emulated. Lots of glitches / missing effects, as listed at the top of the driver.

tecfri/holeland

crzrally and clones - Missing high bit of sprite X coordinate? (see round 2 and 3 of attract mode).

holeland and clones - Missing tile/sprite priority.

technos/bogeyman

The color PROM is dumped, but colors are slightly off.

tecmo/gaiden

raiga, stratof - It's unclear how lower priority sprites are affected by blended sprites.

tecmo/spbactn

Sprite / tile priority is sometimes wrong (see 1st table when ball in bumpers). Some of the code which is from the other drivers such as sprite drawing needs verifying, as priorities are questionable in places. Needs support for blended sprites.

tecmo/tecmosys

Some graphic features (linescroll, mixing) aer not perfectly emulated.

telenova/compis

Uhrg graphics are drawn wrong (upd7220 bugs?).

telercas/tmc1800

nano -

telercas/tmc600

Screen update is too fast, cursor on text should blink as dark blue.

televideo/tv955

Video emulation is lacking some features.

thepit/thepit

dockmanc, rtriv - One ROM is badly dumped.

theportr - The PCB has the PROM for The Pit, colors confirmed the same on PCB and in emulation. Bootlegger or operator error in fitting the wrong PROM?

thomson/thomson

to9 -

toaplan/batsugun

batsugunbl - GFX offsets aren't perfect yet.

toaplan/snowbro2

snowbro2b3 - GFX offsets aren't perfect yet.

tvgames/elan_ep3a19a

The GFX capabilities of the SoC aren't fully emulated yet.

tvgames/elan_eu3a05

rad_sinv - Various glitches. See top of the driver.

tvgames/spg110

Preliminary driver. Sunplus SPG110 based.

tvgames/spg2xx

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_jakks

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_jakks_gkr

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_jakks_sharp

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_jakks_tvtouch

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_lexibook

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_mysprtch

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_pdc

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_playvision

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_senario

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_senario_poker

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_senca

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_shredmjr

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_vii

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_wiwi

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/spg2xx_zone

GFX capabilities of the SPG2xx SoCs are partially emulated.

tvgames/xavix

Graphics hardware emulation is lacking some features.

tvgames/xavix2

SoC emulation is very preliminary.

tvgames/xavix_2002

SoC emulation is very preliminary.

unico/drgnmst

mastfury - Minor GFX problems (i.e. scroll offsets aren't 100% right yet).

universal/getaway

Extensive list at the top of the driver.

universal/zerohour

redclash and clones - Some graphical problems (see list at the top of the driver).

ussr/special_gambl

The pens are borrowed from Specialist MX and probably wrong.

ussr/unior

Color PROM isn't dumped.

valadon/bagman

sbagmani - Different PROMs, need correct decoding.

venture/spcforce

Color decoding isn't fully understood.

votrax/votrhv

hc120 -

vsystem/fromance

nekkyoku - The CRT Controller needs to be identified to fix layer misalignment due to dynamic changes.

vsystem/gstriker

All games in the driver need tilemap scrolling/rotation/zooming or whatever effect it uses. Priorities are wrong. Missing mixer registers (mainly layer enable/disable).

vsystem/inufuku

3on3dunk - Tilemap priority is wrong in places (basketball before explosion in attract, highscores).

vsystem/pspikes

kickball - Imperfect priorities.

vsystem/suprslam

Sprite offset control hasn't been found.

vtech/clickstart

Preliminary driver.

vtech/vsmile

Various glitches.

vtech/vsmileb

Various glitches.

wicat/t7000

Missing cursor display and attributes.

wing/pinkiri8

Current blocker is the video emulation i/o ports, it looks somewhat exotic. Colors are wrong.

wing/superwng

Missing color PROM dump.

wyse/wy60

Line attributes aren't emulated.

yunsung/paradise

paradlx, para2dx - Marked as imperfect graphics with no further note. Perhaps the flag wasn't removed after adding correctr gfx3 ROMs?

zaccaria/seabattl

Colors aren't correct(note: the flyer screenshots look faked; not a good reference). It's unknown if it should have a horizon/sky. Video timing and video offsets aren't correctly implemented.