How MAME Works
From MAMEDEV Wiki
The following is a list of documents describing the internal workings (core) of the MAME emulator. Most are penned by Aaron Giles.
Building MAME using Microsoft Visual Studio compilers
Filters and streams in the MAME Sound System
MAME Interrupt Function Review
Executing Code Out of a Memory Region With a Read Handler
Using the GFX/TileMap viewer (F4)
Layouts and Rendering for MAME Artwork System
Writing Messages to the Screen In a MAME Driver
Programmable Logic Devices in MAME